Saving The Demand of Fire Sprinkler System

In this paper, we study the methods of saving sprinkler system demand.
Consider the following example:

– Occupancy hazard classification: OH2
– Area: 200’ x 130’
– System type: Wet pipe
– Sprinklers: Upright spray sprinklers, standard response, K5.6
– Pipe Type: Black steel, Sch 40
– Sprinkler coverage: 13’ x 10’
– Brach line and sprinklers elevation: 10’
– Cross Main elevation: 9’
– Branch line size: 1 in for one sprinkler, 1 1/4in for two sprinklers, 1 ½ in for five
sprinklers
– Riser Nipple size: 1 1/2 in
– Cross Main & Riser: 3 in
– Ceiling height: 10 ft
– Hose stream allowance: 250 gp

Figure 1- Project Layout

We will examine different situations that could affect system demand.

The flowrate and pressure will be calculated at the base of riser, and we ignore the pressure loss between
the city main and the BOR in this paper.

Assuming the example above is an existing system, so in accordance with the section 19.2.3.1.1(2) of NFPA 13 (2022 Edition),

we are permitted to apply Density/Area curves.

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In this paper, we examined the effects of some parameters on the demand of sprinkler systems based on the specific project.
Some of the above-mentioned methods may not be valid if project conditions change.
It is interesting to know that sometimes upsizing the pipes will also result in an increase in demand.
To design a cost-effective system, the designer should consider all the project conditions.
This is the beauty of sprinkler system design!